Albert Einstein (14 March 1879-18 April 1955) is a theoretical physicist widely regarded as the greatest scientist in the 20th century. He put forward the theory of relativity and also greatly contributed to the development of quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and cosmology. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect and "for his services to Theoretical Physics". Having formulated the theory of general relativity, Einstein became famous throughout the world, an unusual achievement for a scientist. In his old age, fame fame beyond all scientists in history, and in popular culture, says Einstein is considered synonymous with intelligence or even genius. His face is one of the most recognized worldwide. In 1999, Einstein called "The Century" by Time magazine. Popularity also makes the name "Einstein" is widely used in advertisements and other merchandise, and finally "Albert Einstein" is registered as a trademark. To appreciate them, a unit in the photochemistry named Einstein, a chemical element named after einsteinium, and a named asteroid 2001 Einstein.
Biography
1. Early life and university
Einstein was born in Ulm in Württemberg, Germany; approximately 100 km east of Stuttgart. His father named Hermann Einstein, a salesman feather bed which then undergo electrochemical work, and his mother was Pauline. They were married in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt. Their family of Jewish descent; Albert schooled in Catholic schools and the mother wishes she was given violin lessons. At age five, his father showed him a pocket compass, and Einstein realized that something in space that "empty" acted upon the needle on the compass, he would later describe the experience as one of the most evocative moments in his life. Although he made models and mechanical devices as a hobby, he is regarded as a slow learner, possibly caused by dyslexia, shyness, or because the structure of the rare and unusual in his brain (examined after his death).
He was awarded the theory of relativity to this slowness, saying that by pondering space and time than other kids, he was able to develop a more developed intelligence. Other opinions, developed recently, about his mental development is that he suffered from Asperger's Syndrome, a condition associated with autism. Einstein began to study mathematics at the age of twelve years. There are rumors that he failed mathematics in his education, but this is untrue; replacement in the assessment of confusing the following year. Two of his uncle helped develop intellectual interests with the world during the late childhood and early adolescence by recommending and books on science and mathematics. In the year 1894, due to the failure of his father's electrochemical business, Einstein moved from Munich to Pavia, Italy (near Milan). Albert stayed to finish school, completing one semester before rejoining his family in Pavia. Failure in the liberal arts in the entrance test Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, in Zurich) the following year was a setback; j him by his family sent to Aarau, Switzerland, to finish high school, where he received a diploma in 1896 , Einstein several times to register at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule. The following year he took off Württemberg citizenship, and become not have citizenship identity.
In 1898, Einstein met and fell in love with Mileva Maric, a Serb who is a friend of his class (also a friend Nikola Tesla). In 1900, he was granted a teaching by the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule and was accepted as a Swiss citizen in 1901. During this time Einstein discussed his scientific interests with his close friends, including Mileva. He and Mileva had a daughter named Lieserl, born in January 1902. Lieserl, at that time, deemed illegal because the parents are not married.
2. Work and Doctorate Degree
At the time of graduation Einstein could not find a teaching job, carelessness as a young man who easily made angry professornya. The father of a classmate helped him obtain a job as a technical assistant examiner at the Swiss Patent Office in 1902 dalah. There, Einstein considered the inventor of patent applications for devices that require knowledge of physics. He also learned to recognize the importance of application compared with a poor explanation, and learning from the director how "to explain himself properly." He sometimes fix their design and also evaluate the practicality of their work. Einstein married Mileva on 6 January 1903. Einstein's marriage to Mileva, a mathematician, is the personal companion and versatility; On May 14, 1904, from the couple's first child, Hans Albert Einstein, was born. In 1904, Einstein's position at the Swiss Patent Office to be fixed. He got his doctorate after submitting thesis "Eine Neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen" ("On a new determination of molecular dimensions") in the year 1905 from the University of Zürich.
In the same year he wrote four articles that provided the foundation of modern physics, without much scientific literature that he can appoint or many colleagues in the sciences that he can discuss about the theory. Most physicists agree that three papers (of Brownian motion), the photoelectric effect and special relativity) deserved Nobel Prizes. But the only paper on the photoelectric effect would win the award. This is ironic, not only because Einstein is far better known for relativity, but also because the photoelectric effect is a quantum phenomenon, and Einstein became free of the road in quantum theory. What makes these papers remarkable is that, in each case, Einstein boldly took an idea from theoretical physics to its logical consequences and managed to explain experimental results that had puzzled scientists for decades. He submitted his thesis to the thesis, "Annalen der Physik". They are usually addressed to the "Annus Mirabilis Papers" (from Latin: In excellent). Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) plans to celebrate 100 years of publication of Einstein's work in 1905 as the Year of Physics in 2005.
3. Brownian motion
In the first article in 1905 called "On the Motion-Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat-of Small particles suspended in a Stationary Liquid", includes research on Brownian motion. Using the kinetic theory of liquids which was controversial at the time, he establishes that the phenomenon, which still lack a satisfactory explanation decades after it was first observed setlah, provide empirical evidence (based on observation and experimentation) the reality of atoms. And also lends confidence to the statistical mechanics, which at that time was also controversial. Prior to this thesis, the atom is known as berguan concept, but physicists and chemists hotly debated whether atoms really a tangible object. Einstein's statistical discussion of atomic behavior gave players a way to calculate the experimental atoms by looking through the ordinary microscope. Wilhelm Ostwald, a leader of the anti-atom school, later told Arnold Sommerfeld that he had berkonversi to complete Einstein's explanation of Brownian motion.
Biography
1. Early life and university
Einstein was born in Ulm in Württemberg, Germany; approximately 100 km east of Stuttgart. His father named Hermann Einstein, a salesman feather bed which then undergo electrochemical work, and his mother was Pauline. They were married in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt. Their family of Jewish descent; Albert schooled in Catholic schools and the mother wishes she was given violin lessons. At age five, his father showed him a pocket compass, and Einstein realized that something in space that "empty" acted upon the needle on the compass, he would later describe the experience as one of the most evocative moments in his life. Although he made models and mechanical devices as a hobby, he is regarded as a slow learner, possibly caused by dyslexia, shyness, or because the structure of the rare and unusual in his brain (examined after his death).
He was awarded the theory of relativity to this slowness, saying that by pondering space and time than other kids, he was able to develop a more developed intelligence. Other opinions, developed recently, about his mental development is that he suffered from Asperger's Syndrome, a condition associated with autism. Einstein began to study mathematics at the age of twelve years. There are rumors that he failed mathematics in his education, but this is untrue; replacement in the assessment of confusing the following year. Two of his uncle helped develop intellectual interests with the world during the late childhood and early adolescence by recommending and books on science and mathematics. In the year 1894, due to the failure of his father's electrochemical business, Einstein moved from Munich to Pavia, Italy (near Milan). Albert stayed to finish school, completing one semester before rejoining his family in Pavia. Failure in the liberal arts in the entrance test Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, in Zurich) the following year was a setback; j him by his family sent to Aarau, Switzerland, to finish high school, where he received a diploma in 1896 , Einstein several times to register at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule. The following year he took off Württemberg citizenship, and become not have citizenship identity.
In 1898, Einstein met and fell in love with Mileva Maric, a Serb who is a friend of his class (also a friend Nikola Tesla). In 1900, he was granted a teaching by the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule and was accepted as a Swiss citizen in 1901. During this time Einstein discussed his scientific interests with his close friends, including Mileva. He and Mileva had a daughter named Lieserl, born in January 1902. Lieserl, at that time, deemed illegal because the parents are not married.
2. Work and Doctorate Degree
At the time of graduation Einstein could not find a teaching job, carelessness as a young man who easily made angry professornya. The father of a classmate helped him obtain a job as a technical assistant examiner at the Swiss Patent Office in 1902 dalah. There, Einstein considered the inventor of patent applications for devices that require knowledge of physics. He also learned to recognize the importance of application compared with a poor explanation, and learning from the director how "to explain himself properly." He sometimes fix their design and also evaluate the practicality of their work. Einstein married Mileva on 6 January 1903. Einstein's marriage to Mileva, a mathematician, is the personal companion and versatility; On May 14, 1904, from the couple's first child, Hans Albert Einstein, was born. In 1904, Einstein's position at the Swiss Patent Office to be fixed. He got his doctorate after submitting thesis "Eine Neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen" ("On a new determination of molecular dimensions") in the year 1905 from the University of Zürich.
In the same year he wrote four articles that provided the foundation of modern physics, without much scientific literature that he can appoint or many colleagues in the sciences that he can discuss about the theory. Most physicists agree that three papers (of Brownian motion), the photoelectric effect and special relativity) deserved Nobel Prizes. But the only paper on the photoelectric effect would win the award. This is ironic, not only because Einstein is far better known for relativity, but also because the photoelectric effect is a quantum phenomenon, and Einstein became free of the road in quantum theory. What makes these papers remarkable is that, in each case, Einstein boldly took an idea from theoretical physics to its logical consequences and managed to explain experimental results that had puzzled scientists for decades. He submitted his thesis to the thesis, "Annalen der Physik". They are usually addressed to the "Annus Mirabilis Papers" (from Latin: In excellent). Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) plans to celebrate 100 years of publication of Einstein's work in 1905 as the Year of Physics in 2005.
3. Brownian motion
In the first article in 1905 called "On the Motion-Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat-of Small particles suspended in a Stationary Liquid", includes research on Brownian motion. Using the kinetic theory of liquids which was controversial at the time, he establishes that the phenomenon, which still lack a satisfactory explanation decades after it was first observed setlah, provide empirical evidence (based on observation and experimentation) the reality of atoms. And also lends confidence to the statistical mechanics, which at that time was also controversial. Prior to this thesis, the atom is known as berguan concept, but physicists and chemists hotly debated whether atoms really a tangible object. Einstein's statistical discussion of atomic behavior gave players a way to calculate the experimental atoms by looking through the ordinary microscope. Wilhelm Ostwald, a leader of the anti-atom school, later told Arnold Sommerfeld that he had berkonversi to complete Einstein's explanation of Brownian motion.
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